dtonhofer
Functional Programming in Java, Second Edition: Chapter 9, p.164 addendum to "parallel stream"
In Chapter 9, p.164 the stream is parallelized in 1 step.
This inspired my to write some test some code to call a task “in parallel”:
- Not in parallel, inside a loop
- Using ThreadGroups (essentially ‘temporary worker pools’) to run “slices” of the list the tasks in parallel
- Using a Java 8
ForkJoinPool - Using a Java 8 parallel stream.
Not sure whether this is of interest, the most interesting part is the handling of checked and unchecked exceptions.
package chapter9;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class RunningInParallel {
// This could also implement Runnable instead.
public static class DoSomething {
private final int index;
public DoSomething(int index) {
this.index = index;
}
// This method should not throw any checked exceptions
public void doSomething() {
try {
// Math.random is synchronized, so we can use it here
final long sleep_ms = (long) (Math.random() * 1000.0);
System.out.println("Thread " + index + " starts on thread '" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "', sleeping for " + sleep_ms + " ms");
Thread.sleep(sleep_ms);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// Someone told us to stop sleeping, so we do!
// Set the "interrupted" bit again and get out.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
private List<DoSomething> createElements() {
return IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 20)
.mapToObj(DoSomething::new)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
private static ThreadGroup startThreads(final int sliceStart, final int sliceEndIncl, final List<DoSomething> elements) {
final int slizeSize = sliceEndIncl - sliceStart + 1;
ThreadGroup tGroup = new ThreadGroup("slice [" + sliceStart + "," + sliceEndIncl + "] of size " + slizeSize);
for (int threadIndex = 0; threadIndex < slizeSize; threadIndex++) {
final int elementIndex = sliceStart + threadIndex;
// no need to retain reference to the Thread, we will get it back from the ThreadGroup
new Thread(tGroup, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we would have to catch it here
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the Exception is left up the stack here,
// terminating the worker thread.
elements.get(elementIndex).doSomething();
}
}).start();
}
return tGroup;
}
private static void waitForThreadEnd(final ThreadGroup tGroup, final int slizeSize) throws InterruptedException {
final Thread[] threads = new Thread[slizeSize];
final int count = tGroup.enumerate(threads);
assert count <= slizeSize; // some threads may already have finished
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
try {
// Dangerous, as infinite waiting may follow, there should be a timeout value!!
System.out.println("Joining thread " + (i + 1) + " of " + count);
threads[i].join();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// What should we do here? Just set the interrupt flag and throw...
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw ex;
}
}
}
@Test
void preJava8_singleThread() {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
for (DoSomething elem : elements) {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we would have to catch it here.
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the Exception is left up the stack here.
elem.doSomething();
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void preJava8_rollYourOwnMultipleThreads() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
final int threadCount = 7;
// Iterate over "slices" of "threadCount" threads.
int sliceIndex = 0;
while (sliceIndex * threadCount < elements.size()) {
final int sliceStart = sliceIndex * threadCount;
final int sliceEndIncl = Math.min(sliceStart + threadCount - 1, elements.size() - 1);
final int slizeSize = sliceEndIncl - sliceStart + 1;
ThreadGroup tGroup = startThreads(sliceStart, sliceEndIncl, elements);
waitForThreadEnd(tGroup, slizeSize);
System.out.println("Done with ThreadGroup '" + tGroup.getName() + "' running " + slizeSize + " threads");
sliceIndex++;
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void java8_multipleThreadsWithForkJoinPool() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
final List<ForkJoinTask<?>> tasks = new LinkedList<>();
for (DoSomething elem : elements) {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we COULD NOT use it as argument to submit()
// We would need to wrap doSomething().
// Note that we use the "common pool" provided by the runtime environment.
// We could also create our own pool instead, but why bother?
// Note that some of the tasks will actaully be run by the main thread instead
// of by a thread from the pool.
tasks.add(ForkJoinPool.commonPool().submit(elem::doSomething));
}
for (ForkJoinTask<?> task : tasks) {
try {
task.get();
} catch (ExecutionException ex) {
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException it will be rethrown as an ExecutionException.
// The thrown RuntimeException will appear as the "cause".
System.err.println("Task failed to finish properly, got ExecutionException: '" + ex.getMessage()
+ "' caused by: '" + ex.getCause() + "'");
} catch (CancellationException ex) {
System.err.println("Task was cancelled, hot CancellationException: " + ex.getMessage());
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// What should we do here? Just set the interrupt flag and throw.
// Note the ,ethod "doSomething()" does not actually throw it.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw ex;
}
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void java8_multipleThreadsWithStream() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception (a subclass of Exception),
// we COULD NOT use it as argument to forEach().
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the stream pipeline would terminate
// arbitrarily with any of the exceptions thrown in any of the threads.
elements.stream().parallel().forEach(DoSomething::doSomething);
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
}
Popular Pragmatic Bookshelf topics
Hello Brian,
I have some problems with running the code in your book. I like the style of the book very much and I have learnt a lot as...
New
your book suggests to use Image.toByteData() to convert image to bytes, however I get the following error: "the getter ‘toByteData’ isn’t...
New
Hi everyone!
There is an error on the page 71 in the book “Programming machine learning from coding to depp learning” P. Perrotta. You c...
New
When I try the command to create a pair of migration files I get an error.
user=> (create-migration "guestbook")
Execution error (Ill...
New
Hello! On page xix of the preface, it says there is a community forum "… for help if your’re stuck on one of the exercises in this book… ...
New
Hi! I know not the intentions behind this narrative when called, on page XI:
mount() |> handle_event() |> render()
but the correc...
New
A Common-Sense Guide to Data Structures and Algorithms, Second Edition by Jay Wengrow @jaywengrow
Hi,
I have the paperback version of t...
New
In general, the book isn’t yet updated for Phoenix version 1.6. On page 18 of the book, the authors indicate that an auto generated of ro...
New
When running the program in chapter 8, “Implementing Combat”, the printout Health before attack was never printed so I assumed something ...
New
Docker-Machine became part of the Docker Toolbox, which was deprecated in 2020, long after Docker Desktop supported Docker Engine nativel...
New
Other popular topics
Instantly view the changes you make to an app with stateful hot reload, and define a declarative UI in the same language as the app logic...
New
Write Elixir tests that you can be proud of. Dive into Elixir’s test philosophy and gain mastery over the terminology and concepts that u...
New
I know that -t flag is used along with -i flag for getting an interactive shell. But I cannot digest what the man page for docker run com...
New
Just done a fresh install of macOS Big Sur and on installing Erlang I am getting:
asdf install erlang 23.1.2
Configure failed.
checking ...
New
Build highly interactive applications without ever leaving Elixir, the way the experts do. Let LiveView take care of performance, scalabi...
New
Use WebRTC to build web applications that stream media and data in real time directly from one user to another, all in the browser.
...
New
Build efficient applications that exploit the unique benefits of a pure functional language, learning from an engineer who uses Haskell t...
New
Author Spotlight:
VM Brasseur
@vmbrasseur
We have a treat for you today! We turn the spotlight onto Open Source as we sit down with V...
New
Hello,
I’m a beginner in Android development and I’m facing an issue with my project setup. In my build.gradle.kts file, I have the foll...
New
Woke up to this today: Claude Code’s complete source code exposed via npm source map. Not a snippet. All 512,000 lines. 1,900 TypeScript ...
New
Categories:
Sub Categories:
Popular Portals
- /elixir
- /rust
- /wasm
- /ruby
- /erlang
- /phoenix
- /keyboards
- /python
- /js
- /rails
- /security
- /go
- /swift
- /vim
- /clojure
- /java
- /emacs
- /haskell
- /typescript
- /svelte
- /onivim
- /kotlin
- /c-plus-plus
- /crystal
- /tailwind
- /react
- /gleam
- /ocaml
- /elm
- /vscode
- /flutter
- /ash
- /html
- /deepseek
- /opensuse
- /zig
- /centos
- /php
- /scala
- /react-native
- /lisp
- /textmate
- /sublime-text
- /nixos
- /debian
- /agda
- /deno
- /django
- /kubuntu
- /arch-linux
- /nodejs
- /ubuntu
- /spring
- /revery
- /manjaro
- /julia
- /lua
- /diversity
- /quarkus
- /laravel









