dtonhofer
Functional Programming in Java, Second Edition: Chapter 9, p.164 addendum to "parallel stream"
In Chapter 9, p.164 the stream is parallelized in 1 step.
This inspired my to write some test some code to call a task “in parallel”:
- Not in parallel, inside a loop
- Using ThreadGroups (essentially ‘temporary worker pools’) to run “slices” of the list the tasks in parallel
- Using a Java 8
ForkJoinPool - Using a Java 8 parallel stream.
Not sure whether this is of interest, the most interesting part is the handling of checked and unchecked exceptions.
package chapter9;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class RunningInParallel {
// This could also implement Runnable instead.
public static class DoSomething {
private final int index;
public DoSomething(int index) {
this.index = index;
}
// This method should not throw any checked exceptions
public void doSomething() {
try {
// Math.random is synchronized, so we can use it here
final long sleep_ms = (long) (Math.random() * 1000.0);
System.out.println("Thread " + index + " starts on thread '" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "', sleeping for " + sleep_ms + " ms");
Thread.sleep(sleep_ms);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// Someone told us to stop sleeping, so we do!
// Set the "interrupted" bit again and get out.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
private List<DoSomething> createElements() {
return IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 20)
.mapToObj(DoSomething::new)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
private static ThreadGroup startThreads(final int sliceStart, final int sliceEndIncl, final List<DoSomething> elements) {
final int slizeSize = sliceEndIncl - sliceStart + 1;
ThreadGroup tGroup = new ThreadGroup("slice [" + sliceStart + "," + sliceEndIncl + "] of size " + slizeSize);
for (int threadIndex = 0; threadIndex < slizeSize; threadIndex++) {
final int elementIndex = sliceStart + threadIndex;
// no need to retain reference to the Thread, we will get it back from the ThreadGroup
new Thread(tGroup, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we would have to catch it here
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the Exception is left up the stack here,
// terminating the worker thread.
elements.get(elementIndex).doSomething();
}
}).start();
}
return tGroup;
}
private static void waitForThreadEnd(final ThreadGroup tGroup, final int slizeSize) throws InterruptedException {
final Thread[] threads = new Thread[slizeSize];
final int count = tGroup.enumerate(threads);
assert count <= slizeSize; // some threads may already have finished
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
try {
// Dangerous, as infinite waiting may follow, there should be a timeout value!!
System.out.println("Joining thread " + (i + 1) + " of " + count);
threads[i].join();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// What should we do here? Just set the interrupt flag and throw...
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw ex;
}
}
}
@Test
void preJava8_singleThread() {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
for (DoSomething elem : elements) {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we would have to catch it here.
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the Exception is left up the stack here.
elem.doSomething();
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void preJava8_rollYourOwnMultipleThreads() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
final int threadCount = 7;
// Iterate over "slices" of "threadCount" threads.
int sliceIndex = 0;
while (sliceIndex * threadCount < elements.size()) {
final int sliceStart = sliceIndex * threadCount;
final int sliceEndIncl = Math.min(sliceStart + threadCount - 1, elements.size() - 1);
final int slizeSize = sliceEndIncl - sliceStart + 1;
ThreadGroup tGroup = startThreads(sliceStart, sliceEndIncl, elements);
waitForThreadEnd(tGroup, slizeSize);
System.out.println("Done with ThreadGroup '" + tGroup.getName() + "' running " + slizeSize + " threads");
sliceIndex++;
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void java8_multipleThreadsWithForkJoinPool() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
final List<ForkJoinTask<?>> tasks = new LinkedList<>();
for (DoSomething elem : elements) {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we COULD NOT use it as argument to submit()
// We would need to wrap doSomething().
// Note that we use the "common pool" provided by the runtime environment.
// We could also create our own pool instead, but why bother?
// Note that some of the tasks will actaully be run by the main thread instead
// of by a thread from the pool.
tasks.add(ForkJoinPool.commonPool().submit(elem::doSomething));
}
for (ForkJoinTask<?> task : tasks) {
try {
task.get();
} catch (ExecutionException ex) {
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException it will be rethrown as an ExecutionException.
// The thrown RuntimeException will appear as the "cause".
System.err.println("Task failed to finish properly, got ExecutionException: '" + ex.getMessage()
+ "' caused by: '" + ex.getCause() + "'");
} catch (CancellationException ex) {
System.err.println("Task was cancelled, hot CancellationException: " + ex.getMessage());
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// What should we do here? Just set the interrupt flag and throw.
// Note the ,ethod "doSomething()" does not actually throw it.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw ex;
}
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void java8_multipleThreadsWithStream() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception (a subclass of Exception),
// we COULD NOT use it as argument to forEach().
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the stream pipeline would terminate
// arbitrarily with any of the exceptions thrown in any of the threads.
elements.stream().parallel().forEach(DoSomething::doSomething);
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
}
Popular Pragmatic Bookshelf topics
Following the steps described in Chapter 6 of the book, I’m stuck with running the migration as described on page 84:
bundle exec sequel...
New
When I try the command to create a pair of migration files I get an error.
user=> (create-migration "guestbook")
Execution error (Ill...
New
Hi Travis! Thank you for the cool book! :slight_smile:
I made a list of issues and thought I could post them chapter by chapter. I’m rev...
New
Hi,
build fails on:
bracket-lib = “~0.8.1”
when running on Mac Mini M1 Rust version 1.5.0:
Compiling winit v0.22.2
error[E0308]: mi...
New
I am working on the “Your Turn” for chapter one and building out the restart button talked about on page 27. It recommends looking into ...
New
I ran this command after installing the sample application:
$ cards add do something --owner Brian
And got a file not found error:
Fil...
New
On page 78 the following code appears:
<%= link_to ‘Destroy’, product,
class: ‘hover:underline’,
method: :delete,
data: { confirm...
New
The markup used to display the uploaded image results in a Phoenix.LiveView.HTMLTokenizer.ParseError error.
lib/pento_web/live/product_l...
New
Book: Programming Phoenix LiveView, page 142 (157/378), file lib/pento_web/live/product_live/form_component.ex, in the function below:
d...
New
I just bought this book to learn about Android development, and I’m already running into a major issue in Ch. 1, p. 20: “Update activity...
New
Other popular topics
Write Elixir tests that you can be proud of. Dive into Elixir’s test philosophy and gain mastery over the terminology and concepts that u...
New
No chair. I have a standing desk.
This post was split into a dedicated thread from our thread about chairs :slight_smile:
New
poll
poll
Be sure to check out @Dusty’s article posted here: An Introduction to Alternative Keyboard Layouts It’s one of the best write-...
New
Build highly interactive applications without ever leaving Elixir, the way the experts do. Let LiveView take care of performance, scalabi...
New
Hi folks,
I don’t know if I saw this here but, here’s a new programming language, called Roc
Reminds me a bit of Elm and thus Haskell. ...
New
Author Spotlight
Jamis Buck
@jamis
This month, we have the pleasure of spotlighting author Jamis Buck, who has written Mazes for Prog...
New
Author Spotlight
Mike Riley
@mriley
This month, we turn the spotlight on Mike Riley, author of Portable Python Projects. Mike’s book ...
New
I have always used antique keyboards like Cherry MX 1800 or Cherry MX 8100 and almost always have modified the switches in some way, like...
New
Big O Notation can make your code faster by orders of magnitude. Get the hands-on info you need to master data structures and algorithms ...
New
Hair Salon Games for Girls Fun
Girls Hair Saloon game is mainly developed for kids. This game allows users to select virtual avatars to ...
New
Categories:
Sub Categories:
Popular Portals
- /elixir
- /rust
- /wasm
- /ruby
- /erlang
- /phoenix
- /keyboards
- /python
- /js
- /rails
- /security
- /go
- /swift
- /vim
- /clojure
- /java
- /emacs
- /haskell
- /svelte
- /onivim
- /typescript
- /kotlin
- /c-plus-plus
- /crystal
- /tailwind
- /react
- /gleam
- /ocaml
- /flutter
- /elm
- /vscode
- /ash
- /html
- /opensuse
- /deepseek
- /zig
- /centos
- /php
- /scala
- /react-native
- /lisp
- /textmate
- /sublime-text
- /nixos
- /debian
- /agda
- /deno
- /django
- /kubuntu
- /arch-linux
- /nodejs
- /spring
- /ubuntu
- /revery
- /manjaro
- /lua
- /diversity
- /julia
- /markdown
- /slackware









