dtonhofer
Functional Programming in Java, Second Edition: Chapter 9, p.164 addendum to "parallel stream"
In Chapter 9, p.164 the stream is parallelized in 1 step.
This inspired my to write some test some code to call a task “in parallel”:
- Not in parallel, inside a loop
- Using ThreadGroups (essentially ‘temporary worker pools’) to run “slices” of the list the tasks in parallel
- Using a Java 8
ForkJoinPool - Using a Java 8 parallel stream.
Not sure whether this is of interest, the most interesting part is the handling of checked and unchecked exceptions.
package chapter9;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class RunningInParallel {
// This could also implement Runnable instead.
public static class DoSomething {
private final int index;
public DoSomething(int index) {
this.index = index;
}
// This method should not throw any checked exceptions
public void doSomething() {
try {
// Math.random is synchronized, so we can use it here
final long sleep_ms = (long) (Math.random() * 1000.0);
System.out.println("Thread " + index + " starts on thread '" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "', sleeping for " + sleep_ms + " ms");
Thread.sleep(sleep_ms);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// Someone told us to stop sleeping, so we do!
// Set the "interrupted" bit again and get out.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
private List<DoSomething> createElements() {
return IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 20)
.mapToObj(DoSomething::new)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
private static ThreadGroup startThreads(final int sliceStart, final int sliceEndIncl, final List<DoSomething> elements) {
final int slizeSize = sliceEndIncl - sliceStart + 1;
ThreadGroup tGroup = new ThreadGroup("slice [" + sliceStart + "," + sliceEndIncl + "] of size " + slizeSize);
for (int threadIndex = 0; threadIndex < slizeSize; threadIndex++) {
final int elementIndex = sliceStart + threadIndex;
// no need to retain reference to the Thread, we will get it back from the ThreadGroup
new Thread(tGroup, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we would have to catch it here
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the Exception is left up the stack here,
// terminating the worker thread.
elements.get(elementIndex).doSomething();
}
}).start();
}
return tGroup;
}
private static void waitForThreadEnd(final ThreadGroup tGroup, final int slizeSize) throws InterruptedException {
final Thread[] threads = new Thread[slizeSize];
final int count = tGroup.enumerate(threads);
assert count <= slizeSize; // some threads may already have finished
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
try {
// Dangerous, as infinite waiting may follow, there should be a timeout value!!
System.out.println("Joining thread " + (i + 1) + " of " + count);
threads[i].join();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// What should we do here? Just set the interrupt flag and throw...
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw ex;
}
}
}
@Test
void preJava8_singleThread() {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
for (DoSomething elem : elements) {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we would have to catch it here.
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the Exception is left up the stack here.
elem.doSomething();
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void preJava8_rollYourOwnMultipleThreads() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
final int threadCount = 7;
// Iterate over "slices" of "threadCount" threads.
int sliceIndex = 0;
while (sliceIndex * threadCount < elements.size()) {
final int sliceStart = sliceIndex * threadCount;
final int sliceEndIncl = Math.min(sliceStart + threadCount - 1, elements.size() - 1);
final int slizeSize = sliceEndIncl - sliceStart + 1;
ThreadGroup tGroup = startThreads(sliceStart, sliceEndIncl, elements);
waitForThreadEnd(tGroup, slizeSize);
System.out.println("Done with ThreadGroup '" + tGroup.getName() + "' running " + slizeSize + " threads");
sliceIndex++;
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void java8_multipleThreadsWithForkJoinPool() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
final List<ForkJoinTask<?>> tasks = new LinkedList<>();
for (DoSomething elem : elements) {
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception, we COULD NOT use it as argument to submit()
// We would need to wrap doSomething().
// Note that we use the "common pool" provided by the runtime environment.
// We could also create our own pool instead, but why bother?
// Note that some of the tasks will actaully be run by the main thread instead
// of by a thread from the pool.
tasks.add(ForkJoinPool.commonPool().submit(elem::doSomething));
}
for (ForkJoinTask<?> task : tasks) {
try {
task.get();
} catch (ExecutionException ex) {
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException it will be rethrown as an ExecutionException.
// The thrown RuntimeException will appear as the "cause".
System.err.println("Task failed to finish properly, got ExecutionException: '" + ex.getMessage()
+ "' caused by: '" + ex.getCause() + "'");
} catch (CancellationException ex) {
System.err.println("Task was cancelled, hot CancellationException: " + ex.getMessage());
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// What should we do here? Just set the interrupt flag and throw.
// Note the ,ethod "doSomething()" does not actually throw it.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw ex;
}
}
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
@Test
void java8_multipleThreadsWithStream() throws InterruptedException {
final List<DoSomething> elements = Collections.unmodifiableList(createElements());
// If doSomething() threw a checked exception (a subclass of Exception),
// we COULD NOT use it as argument to forEach().
// If doSomething() throws a RuntimeException, the stream pipeline would terminate
// arbitrarily with any of the exceptions thrown in any of the threads.
elements.stream().parallel().forEach(DoSomething::doSomething);
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
}
Popular Pragmatic Bookshelf topics
Python Testing With Pytest - Chapter 2, warnings for “unregistered custom marks”
While running the smoke tests in Chapter 2, I get these...
New
Hi! I know not the intentions behind this narrative when called, on page XI:
mount() |> handle_event() |> render()
but the correc...
New
I am working on the “Your Turn” for chapter one and building out the restart button talked about on page 27. It recommends looking into ...
New
Hello! Thanks for the great book.
I was attempting the Trie (chap 17) exercises and for number 4 the solution provided for the autocorre...
New
When trying to generate the protobuf .go file, I receive this error:
Unknown flag: --go_opt
libprotoc 3.12.3
MacOS 11.3.1
Googling ...
New
Running mix deps.get in the sensor_hub directory fails with the following error:
** (Mix) No SSH public keys found in ~/.ssh. An ssh aut...
New
Hi, I have just acquired Michael Fazio’s “Kotlin and Android Development” to learn about game programming for Android. I have a game in p...
New
Is the book’s epub format available to read on Google Play Books?
New
I’m a newbie to Rails 7 and have hit an issue with the bin/Dev script mentioned on pages 112-113.
Iteration A1 - Seeing the list of prod...
New
Hi,
I am getting an error I cannot figure out on my test.
I have what I think is the exact code from the book, other than I changed “us...
New
Other popular topics
If it’s a mechanical keyboard, which switches do you have?
Would you recommend it? Why?
What will your next keyboard be?
Pics always w...
New
Stop developing web apps with yesterday’s tools. Today, developers are increasingly adopting Clojure as a web-development platform. See f...
New
Brace yourself for a fun challenge: build a photorealistic 3D renderer from scratch! In just a couple of weeks, build a ray tracer that r...
New
Free and open source software is the default choice for the technologies that run our world, and it’s built and maintained by people like...
New
Write Elixir tests that you can be proud of. Dive into Elixir’s test philosophy and gain mastery over the terminology and concepts that u...
New
Intensively researching Erlang books and additional resources on it, I have found that the topic of using Regular Expressions is either c...
New
Inside our android webview app, we are trying to paste the copied content from another app eg (notes) using navigator.clipboard.readtext ...
New
If you’re getting errors like this:
psql: error: connection to server on socket “/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432” failed: No such file or directory ...
New
Get the comprehensive, insider information you need for Rails 8 with the new edition of this award-winning classic.
Sam Ruby @rubys
...
New
As digital systems increasingly run the world, mastery of the recurring patterns of software development risk is the key to fast and effe...
New
Categories:
Sub Categories:
Popular Portals
- /elixir
- /rust
- /wasm
- /ruby
- /erlang
- /phoenix
- /keyboards
- /python
- /js
- /rails
- /security
- /go
- /swift
- /vim
- /clojure
- /java
- /emacs
- /haskell
- /svelte
- /typescript
- /onivim
- /kotlin
- /c-plus-plus
- /crystal
- /tailwind
- /react
- /gleam
- /ocaml
- /vscode
- /flutter
- /elm
- /ash
- /html
- /deepseek
- /opensuse
- /zig
- /centos
- /php
- /scala
- /react-native
- /lisp
- /textmate
- /sublime-text
- /nixos
- /debian
- /agda
- /django
- /deno
- /kubuntu
- /arch-linux
- /nodejs
- /ubuntu
- /spring
- /revery
- /manjaro
- /julia
- /lua
- /diversity
- /quarkus
- /markdown









