OvermindDL1

OvermindDL1

Fun Programming Question 2022-04-18

An interesting and yet simple programming question making the rounds the past few days, how does everyone here answer:

Given an input file with precisely 4 billion randomly-sorted non-negative 32-bit integers, provide an algorithm to generate a non-negative 32-bit integer that is not contained in the file.

Now of course the canonical answer is to create a zeroed 2^32-bit sized bit field (which consumes 512 megs of memory), and set each bit to 1 as you encounter its index in the file, then search for a 0 bit after, but that is memory heavy and potentially requires up to a near full second pass, how would you do it in, say, 10 megs or memory or so? What different ways and pattern with what different tradeoffs can you come up with?

Most Liked

OvermindDL1

OvermindDL1

One of the more popular ways to solve this, spoiler in case you want to figure it out:

Probabilistic Method

Remember that there are 4 billion numbers, in a 32-bit address space, which is 4294967296 in size, meaning that 294967296 are available, just need to find one. So if you, as an example, just select 100 unique numbers, then parse through the input once weeding them out for what you find, then you have a greater than 99.9% chance of finding a valid number just in the first pass, and if it doesn’t work then you can repeat it again and again until it does, probabilistically it will work quickly, and even more quickly if you select even more numbers to test with, 10 megs worth of numbers (2500000 of them) means that even in the worst case you loop over the input again and again 1599 times, which is still not ‘too’ bad even if not great, and that would only happen if you didn’t select any of the 294967296 available numbers until the very end.

There are other ways still!

kokolegorille

kokolegorille

If the problem is funny for You, it might mean it is unsolvable for me :slight_smile:

ohm

ohm

Since the list is sorted you could subtract two consecutive entries. If the result is not 1, then you have a missing number. :person_shrugging:

Where Next?

Popular General Dev topics Top

brentjanderson
From wikipedia: The zettelkasten (German: “slip box”) is a knowledge management and note-taking method used in research and study. ...
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Craft your dream role at work by guiding your manager to take your priorities into account when making decisions. Ken Kousen @kenko...
New
AstonJ
On my Mac I would just use Apple’s Preview which open’s PDF files, and on the Kindle their standard app. On the iOS devices I am preferr...
New
OvermindDL1
An interesting and yet simple programming question making the rounds the past few days, how does everyone here answer: Given an input f...
New
AstonJ
Have you changed the way you learn? Maybe you started off using docs and tutorials and are now an avid book reader or course watcher? Or ...
New
conwy
I’ve been thinking of trying to apply the concept of “moats” from investing to knowledge acquisition. A business moat is a competitive ...
New

Other popular topics Top

AstonJ
A thread that every forum needs! Simply post a link to a track on YouTube (or SoundCloud or Vimeo amongst others!) on a separate line an...
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Design and develop sophisticated 2D games that are as much fun to make as they are to play. From particle effects and pathfinding to soci...
New
AstonJ
We have a thread about the keyboards we have, but what about nice keyboards we come across that we want? If you have seen any that look n...
New
AstonJ
This looks like a stunning keycap set :orange_heart: A LEGENDARY KEYBOARD LIVES ON When you bought an Apple Macintosh computer in the e...
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Author Spotlight Mike Riley @mriley This month, we turn the spotlight on Mike Riley, author of Portable Python Projects. Mike’s book ...
New
New
hilfordjames
There appears to have been an update that has changed the terminology for what has previously been known as the Taskbar Overflow - this h...
New
sir.laksmana_wenk
I’m able to do the “artistic” part of game-development; character designing/modeling, music, environment modeling, etc. However, I don’t...
New
NewsBot
Node.js v22.14.0 has been released. Link: Release 2025-02-11, Version 22.14.0 'Jod' (LTS), @aduh95 · nodejs/node · GitHub
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Use advanced functional programming principles, practical Domain-Driven Design techniques, and production-ready Elixir code to build scal...
New