bterwijn

bterwijn

Practical Programming, Third Edition: immutable values are not necessarily unhashable (209)

On page 209 it says: “mutable values are unhashable”
However, mutability and hash-ability are separate properties. A type is hash-able when its hash function is defined. A counter example that shows a mutable list that gets hashed and added as key to a dict:

class mylist(list): # mylist (mutable) is a list with a __hash__ function

    def __hash__(self):
        hash = 0
        for i in self:
            hash ^= i
        return hash

ml= mylist()
ml.append(1)
ml.append(2)
ml.append(3)
print( ml ) # [1, 2, 3]

mydict={ ml:100, mylist([4,5,6]):200}
print( mydict ) # {[1, 2, 3]: 100, [4, 5, 6]: 200}

print( mydict[ml] ) # 100
print( mydict[mylist([4,5,6])] ) # 200
print( mylist([6,7,8]) in mydict) # False

Also a typo:
TypeError: unhashable type: ‘set’ => TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’

First Post!

emildepp

emildepp

@jmontojo

The “TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’” error message in Python occurs when you try to use a mutable object (such as a list) as a key in a dictionary. Since dictionaries use keys to index values, keys must be hashable objects, meaning they must be immutable (i.e. their value cannot be changed). Lists are mutable, so they cannot be used as dictionary keys. To fix the error, use an immutable object like a tuple, string, or number as the dictionary key instead.

To resolve the TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’ error, you need to use an immutable object as a key in a dictionary instead of a mutable one like a list. For example, you can use tuples, strings, or numbers as keys, which are all hashable objects.

d = {[1, 2, 3]: "list_key"} //Using a list as a key in a dictionary
//This will raise the TypeError: unhashable type: 'list' error
d = {(1, 2, 3): "tuple_key"} //Using a tuple as a key in a dictionary
//This will work fine as tuples are hashable

Where Next?

Popular Pragmatic Bookshelf topics Top

belgoros
Following the steps described in Chapter 6 of the book, I’m stuck with running the migration as described on page 84: bundle exec sequel...
New
GilWright
Working through the steps (checking that the Info,plist matches exactly), run the demo game and what appears is grey but does not fill th...
New
herminiotorres
Hi! I know not the intentions behind this narrative when called, on page XI: mount() |> handle_event() |> render() but the correc...
New
cro
I am working on the “Your Turn” for chapter one and building out the restart button talked about on page 27. It recommends looking into ...
New
fynn
This is as much a suggestion as a question, as a note for others. Locally the SGP30 wasn’t available, so I ordered a SGP40. On page 53, ...
New
jskubick
I think I might have found a problem involving SwitchCompat, thumbTint, and trackTint. As entered, the SwitchCompat changes color to hol...
New
brunogirin
When running tox for the first time, I got the following error: ERROR: InterpreterNotFound: python3.10 I realised that I was running ...
New
jonmac
The allprojects block listed on page 245 produces the following error when syncing gradle: “org.gradle.api.GradleScriptException: A prob...
New
s2k
Hi all, currently I wonder how the Tailwind colours work (or don’t work). For example, in app/views/layouts/application.html.erb I have...
New
dachristenson
I’ve got to the end of Ch. 11, and the app runs, with all tabs displaying what they should – at first. After switching around between St...
New

Other popular topics Top

New
wolf4earth
@AstonJ prompted me to open this topic after I mentioned in the lockdown thread how I started to do a lot more for my fitness. https://f...
New
brentjanderson
Bought the Moonlander mechanical keyboard. Cherry Brown MX switches. Arms and wrists have been hurting enough that it’s time I did someth...
New
AstonJ
There’s a whole world of custom keycaps out there that I didn’t know existed! Check out all of our Keycaps threads here: https://forum....
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Use WebRTC to build web applications that stream media and data in real time directly from one user to another, all in the browser. ...
New
mafinar
This is going to be a long an frequently posted thread. While talking to a friend of mine who has taken data structure and algorithm cou...
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Author Spotlight Mike Riley @mriley This month, we turn the spotlight on Mike Riley, author of Portable Python Projects. Mike’s book ...
New
New
First poster: AstonJ
Jan | Rethink the Computer. Jan turns your computer into an AI machine by running LLMs locally on your computer. It’s a privacy-focus, l...
New
PragmaticBookshelf
A concise guide to MySQL 9 database administration, covering fundamental concepts, techniques, and best practices. Neil Smyth MySQL...
New

Sub Categories: