bterwijn

bterwijn

Practical Programming, Third Edition: immutable values are not necessarily unhashable (209)

On page 209 it says: “mutable values are unhashable”
However, mutability and hash-ability are separate properties. A type is hash-able when its hash function is defined. A counter example that shows a mutable list that gets hashed and added as key to a dict:

class mylist(list): # mylist (mutable) is a list with a __hash__ function

    def __hash__(self):
        hash = 0
        for i in self:
            hash ^= i
        return hash

ml= mylist()
ml.append(1)
ml.append(2)
ml.append(3)
print( ml ) # [1, 2, 3]

mydict={ ml:100, mylist([4,5,6]):200}
print( mydict ) # {[1, 2, 3]: 100, [4, 5, 6]: 200}

print( mydict[ml] ) # 100
print( mydict[mylist([4,5,6])] ) # 200
print( mylist([6,7,8]) in mydict) # False

Also a typo:
TypeError: unhashable type: ‘set’ => TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’

First Post!

emildepp

emildepp

@jmontojo

The “TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’” error message in Python occurs when you try to use a mutable object (such as a list) as a key in a dictionary. Since dictionaries use keys to index values, keys must be hashable objects, meaning they must be immutable (i.e. their value cannot be changed). Lists are mutable, so they cannot be used as dictionary keys. To fix the error, use an immutable object like a tuple, string, or number as the dictionary key instead.

To resolve the TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’ error, you need to use an immutable object as a key in a dictionary instead of a mutable one like a list. For example, you can use tuples, strings, or numbers as keys, which are all hashable objects.

d = {[1, 2, 3]: "list_key"} //Using a list as a key in a dictionary
//This will raise the TypeError: unhashable type: 'list' error
d = {(1, 2, 3): "tuple_key"} //Using a tuple as a key in a dictionary
//This will work fine as tuples are hashable

Where Next?

Popular Pragmatic Bookshelf topics Top

mikecargal
Title: Hands-on Rust: question about get_component (page 295) (feel free to respond. “You dug you’re own hole… good luck”) I have somet...
New
JohnS
I can’t setup the Rails source code. This happens in a working directory containing multiple (postgres) Rails apps. With: ruby-3.0.0 s...
New
brunogirin
When running tox for the first time, I got the following error: ERROR: InterpreterNotFound: python3.10 I realised that I was running ...
New
adamwoolhether
Is there any place where we can discuss the solutions to some of the exercises? I can figure most of them out, but am having trouble with...
New
hazardco
On page 78 the following code appears: <%= link_to ‘Destroy’, product, class: ‘hover:underline’, method: :delete, data: { confirm...
New
mert
AWDWR 7, page 152, page 153: Hello everyone, I’m a little bit lost on the hotwire part. I didn’t fully understand it. On page 152 @rub...
New
ggerico
I got this error when executing the plot files on macOS Ventura 13.0.1 with Python 3.10.8 and matplotlib 3.6.1: programming_ML/code/03_...
New
gorkaio
root_layout: {PentoWeb.LayoutView, :root}, This results in the following following error: no “root” html template defined for PentoWeb...
New
mcpierce
@mfazio23 I’ve applied the changes from Chapter 5 of the book and everything builds correctly and runs. But, when I try to start a game,...
New
New

Other popular topics Top

Devtalk
Hello Devtalk World! Please let us know a little about who you are and where you’re from :nerd_face:
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Learn from the award-winning programming series that inspired the Elixir language, and go on a step-by-step journey through the most impo...
New
ohm
Which, if any, games do you play? On what platform? I just bought (and completed) Minecraft Dungeons for my Nintendo Switch. Other than ...
New
brentjanderson
Bought the Moonlander mechanical keyboard. Cherry Brown MX switches. Arms and wrists have been hurting enough that it’s time I did someth...
New
Margaret
Hello everyone! This thread is to tell you about what authors from The Pragmatic Bookshelf are writing on Medium.
1147 29994 760
New
AstonJ
Saw this on TikTok of all places! :lol: Anyone heard of them before? Lite:
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Author Spotlight Mike Riley @mriley This month, we turn the spotlight on Mike Riley, author of Portable Python Projects. Mike’s book ...
New
sir.laksmana_wenk
I’m able to do the “artistic” part of game-development; character designing/modeling, music, environment modeling, etc. However, I don’t...
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Explore the power of Ash Framework by modeling and building the domain for a real-world web application. Rebecca Le @sevenseacat and ...
New
AstonJ
Curious what kind of results others are getting, I think actually prefer the 7B model to the 32B model, not only is it faster but the qua...
New

Sub Categories: