bterwijn

bterwijn

Practical Programming, Third Edition: immutable values are not necessarily unhashable (209)

On page 209 it says: “mutable values are unhashable”
However, mutability and hash-ability are separate properties. A type is hash-able when its hash function is defined. A counter example that shows a mutable list that gets hashed and added as key to a dict:

class mylist(list): # mylist (mutable) is a list with a __hash__ function

    def __hash__(self):
        hash = 0
        for i in self:
            hash ^= i
        return hash

ml= mylist()
ml.append(1)
ml.append(2)
ml.append(3)
print( ml ) # [1, 2, 3]

mydict={ ml:100, mylist([4,5,6]):200}
print( mydict ) # {[1, 2, 3]: 100, [4, 5, 6]: 200}

print( mydict[ml] ) # 100
print( mydict[mylist([4,5,6])] ) # 200
print( mylist([6,7,8]) in mydict) # False

Also a typo:
TypeError: unhashable type: ‘set’ => TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’

First Post!

emildepp

emildepp

@jmontojo

The “TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’” error message in Python occurs when you try to use a mutable object (such as a list) as a key in a dictionary. Since dictionaries use keys to index values, keys must be hashable objects, meaning they must be immutable (i.e. their value cannot be changed). Lists are mutable, so they cannot be used as dictionary keys. To fix the error, use an immutable object like a tuple, string, or number as the dictionary key instead.

To resolve the TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list’ error, you need to use an immutable object as a key in a dictionary instead of a mutable one like a list. For example, you can use tuples, strings, or numbers as keys, which are all hashable objects.

d = {[1, 2, 3]: "list_key"} //Using a list as a key in a dictionary
//This will raise the TypeError: unhashable type: 'list' error
d = {(1, 2, 3): "tuple_key"} //Using a tuple as a key in a dictionary
//This will work fine as tuples are hashable

Where Next?

Popular Pragmatic Bookshelf topics Top

Alexandr
Hi everyone! There is an error on the page 71 in the book “Programming machine learning from coding to depp learning” P. Perrotta. You c...
New
HarryDeveloper
Hi @venkats, It has been mentioned in the description of ‘Supervisory Job’ title that 2 things as mentioned below result in the same eff...
New
joepstender
The generated iex result below should list products instead of product for the metadata. (page 67) iex> product = %Product{} %Pento....
New
New
Chrichton
Dear Sophie. I tried to do the “Authorization” exercise and have two questions: When trying to plug in an email-service, I found the ...
New
adamwoolhether
When trying to generate the protobuf .go file, I receive this error: Unknown flag: --go_opt libprotoc 3.12.3 MacOS 11.3.1 Googling ...
New
adamwoolhether
I’m not quite sure what’s going on here, but I’m unable to have to containers successfully complete the Readiness/Liveness checks. I’m im...
New
oaklandgit
Hi, I completed chapter 6 but am getting the following error when running: thread 'main' panicked at 'Failed to load texture: IoError(O...
New
jonmac
The allprojects block listed on page 245 produces the following error when syncing gradle: “org.gradle.api.GradleScriptException: A prob...
New
EdBorn
Title: Agile Web Development with Rails 7: (page 70) I am running windows 11 pro with rails 7.0.3 and ruby 3.1.2p20 (2022-04-12 revision...
New

Other popular topics Top

AstonJ
A thread that every forum needs! Simply post a link to a track on YouTube (or SoundCloud or Vimeo amongst others!) on a separate line an...
New
AstonJ
What chair do you have while working… and why? Is there a ‘best’ type of chair or working position for developers?
New
Exadra37
I am thinking in building or buy a desktop computer for programing, both professionally and on my free time, and my choice of OS is Linux...
New
dimitarvp
Small essay with thoughts on macOS vs. Linux: I know @Exadra37 is just waiting around the corner to scream at me “I TOLD YOU SO!!!” but I...
New
Exadra37
I am asking for any distro that only has the bare-bones to be able to get a shell in the server and then just install the packages as we ...
New
AstonJ
In case anyone else is wondering why Ruby 3 doesn’t show when you do asdf list-all ruby :man_facepalming: do this first: asdf plugin-upd...
New
PragmaticBookshelf
Build highly interactive applications without ever leaving Elixir, the way the experts do. Let LiveView take care of performance, scalabi...
New
rustkas
Intensively researching Erlang books and additional resources on it, I have found that the topic of using Regular Expressions is either c...
New
hilfordjames
There appears to have been an update that has changed the terminology for what has previously been known as the Taskbar Overflow - this h...
New
New

Sub Categories: